Understanding Computer Architecture Components: ISA, Microarchitecture, and System Architecture

Published on 2022-05-02

There are three main components when it comes to the architecture of a computer: Instruction Set Architecture, Microarchitecture, and System Architecture. In this blog, I will be discussing a basic overview of these components.

Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)

In order to run any kind of software, a computer needs a set of instructions to do so. This is where Instruction Set Architecture comes in. ISA is a set of instructions that allows a computer to implement software. It can be seen as the bridge between hardware and software, specifying instructions on what the hardware provides. ISA is implemented in Microarchitecture.

Microarchitecture (MA or Uarch)

This component is implemented with transistors and takes the information that ISA extracts. From there, Microarchitecture (Uarch) implements it in processors. Not only does it implement ISA, but it also ensures that the instructions are running appropriately and efficiently.

System Architecture (SA or Sys-arch)

Besides processors, there are many types of hardware that need implementation in computers such as input/output devices and memory. System Architecture (SA) is the implementation of these other types of hardware and connecting them to processors.

Conclusion

Understanding the three main components of computer architecture—Instruction Set Architecture, Microarchitecture, and System Architecture—is fundamental to grasping how computers operate at both a high and low level. By comprehending these components, you can better appreciate the complexities and efficiencies involved in computer design and functionality.